The world bank 2012 estimate for global municipal solid waste composition in 2009 is shown in figure 1. Research efforts, in fact, have also been directed to the novel technologies towards the decomposition of organic waste. It is worth examining the changes in the composition of waste in india in the last two decades. The epafranklin model the epafranklin model uses a materials flow methodology to estimate msw generationittraces the flow of materials from production, through consumption, and on to disposal. Epa600r93122 december 1993 public health, occupational safety, and environmental concerns in municipal solid waste recycling operations environmental criteria and assessment office office of health and environmental assessment u. Waste sampling waste sample collection was performed on the transfer station floor during the operating hours of the facility and in conformance with astm d5231 92 2003, standard test method for determination of the composition of unprocessed municipal waste. The agency has also issued revised guidelines for reducing emissions from existing msw landfills. The generation of waste as a result of urbanization is increasing at a rate surpassing that of urbanization itself hoornweg and bhadatata, 2012. Using data from eia, the environmental protection agency epa, and fuelspecific btu values, eia determined two interrelated trends in the composition of the msw stream. Federal legislation provisions landfills may not be sited on floodplains, wetlands, earthquake zones, unstable land, or airports birds at site are hazard to aircraft landfills must have liners landfills must have a leachate collection system landfill operators must monitor groundwater for many specified toxic chemicals.
Table 3 7 physicochemical characteristics of msw in india. Visit epa s landfill methane outreach program for additional information on how facilities recover energy from landfills. There are also construction and demolition debris, municipal sludge, combustion ash, mining and drilling debris, agricultural wastes, industrialprocess wastes including some sludge, hazardous waste, and others. The materials composition of containers and packaging in msw in 2017 is shown in figure 17 of the 2017data tables, and additional containers and packaging detail is shown in figure 18. Municipal solid waste generation, recycling, us epa. Solid waste chapter 11 understanding environmental. These materials include items such as packaging, food scraps, grass clippings, sofas, computers, tires, and refrigerators.
This report describes the national municipal solid waste msw stream based on data collected for 1960 through 2011. Municipal solid waste may contain a variety of pathogens, a source of which is often disposable diapersit has been found that as. First, the heat content per unit weight of the waste stream has been steadily increasing. Fact sheet, formerly called municipal solid waste in the united states. Municipal solid waste msw, commonly known as trash or garbage in the united states and rubbish in britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. Epa waste characterization studies, and also a survey of. New msw sampling and characterization methodologies. Sources, types and composition of municipal solid waste msw management of msw solid wastes include all solid or semisolid materials that the processor no longer considers of sufficient value to retain. Environmental protection agency to characterize municipal solid waste msw in the united states. Gasification of nonrecycled plastics from municipal solid. The report describes the national waste stream based. The main objective of this study was to determine the quantities of nonrecycled msw and plastics that are available for converting to energy or fuel, nationally and statebystate. Decision makers guide to municipal solid waste incineration. Characterization of municipal solid waste in the united states.
Sources, types and composition of municipal solid waste. Before starting to plan management activities, it is important to know as much about msw as possible. Solid waste landfills, second edition 2016 1 part a. Municipal solid waste msw is commonly known as trash or garbage. In the european union, the semantic definition is mixed. Present and longterm composition of msw landfill leachate. General information structure and purpose of these guidelines a landfill is an engineered, inground facility for the safe and secure disposal of societys. Nsf international gratefully acknowledges the following steering committee members for their invaluable contributions to the design and content of this guide. Environmental protection agency cincinnati, oh 45268 printed on recycled paper.
Environmental protection agencys office of wastewater management and office of compliance. Msw characterization methodology introduction this fact sheet and these data tables are the most recent in a series of reports and data tables sponsored by the u. Recycling including composting is encouraged for these materials as well. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. Solid waste chapter 11 understanding environmental pollution. August, 20 updated september 20 printed on recycled paper. Municipal solid waste generation, recycling, epa archives. This shows that 46% of municipal solid waste was reported to be organic waste, defined as food scraps, yard or green waste leaves, grass, brush, wood etc. Municipal solid waste an overview sciencedirect topics. The only outside materials allowed are a temperaturepressure. Epa publishes updated standards, guidelines for msw. The united states environmental protection agency epa regulates section 608 of the federal clean air act. Epa certification exam preparatory manual 8th edition. The municipal solid waste msw produced annually has begun to decrease, e.
Communities are faced with the challenge of developing wastemanagement approaches from options that include reduction of waste generated, incineration, landfilling, recycling, reuse, 11reuse refers to using a material more than once in its original manufactured. Emep 2004, us epas compilation of air pollutant emissions factors, ap42, fifth edition usepa, 1995, epa emission inventory improvement program technical. Sources of msw include residential waste including waste from multifamily housing and waste from commercial and institutional locations, such as businesses, schools and hospitals. Together with the previous reports, this fact sheet and data. A large share of the global msw is categorised as organic waste.
Public health, occupational safety, and environmental. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. The burial of municipal solid waste in landfills is the most common disposal. In addition to msw, the 2014 update study also included nrp. Municipal solid waste msw incineration plants tend to be among the most expensive solid waste management options, and they require highly skilled personnel and careful maintenance. Incineration and other hightemperature waste treatment systems are described as thermal treatment. Their composition will be reintegrated into the final msw sample composition the remainder of the msw sample without 10 p. Use of municipal solid waste msw as fuel for electricity generation reduces landfill disposal and can mitigate air quality degradation associated with combustion of conventional fossil fuels. The historical perspective is useful for establishing trends in types of msw generated and in the ways it is managed. Boulder county waste composition study 2010 pdf 57 pp. Estimation of chemical composition of a solid waste sample. Municipal solid waste msw is a pool of various solid wastes by towns and cities from different types of household activities. The chemical composition of the ash varies depending on the original msw feedstock and the combustion process.
Epa green book data download data dictionary august 31, 2019 2 27. This chapter provides an overview of waste generation, waste stream composition, and incineration in the context of waste management. In addition, the source of municipal solid waste is important. Indiana university school of social work routinely collects and analyzes student learning outcomes at both the bsw and msw programs. There is also a variation between the municipal solid waste msw composition in the region of crete 20032004 and msw composition suggested in the.
Composition of char char contains elemental carbon along with hydrogen and various inorganic species. It includes information on municipal solid waste msw generation. Environmental, economic, and energy assessment of the. Generation, recovery, and discards of materials in msw, 2012 in millions of tons and percent of generation of each material includes waste from residential, commercial, and institutional sources. Each year, epa produces a report called advancing sustainable materials management. Pepper, in environmental and pollution science third edition, 2019. Alsakkari 2, mai fouad 3 1 professor of chemical engineering, faculty of enginee ring. This problem, however, is well known and can be dealt with by means of sound management and policy implementation. Composition and characterization of municipal solid waste. Environmental protection agency epa characterizing municipal solid waste msw in the united states. Minnesota msw composition study minnesota pollution. The reportfocuses on largescale incineration plants for large urban areas or intermunicipal cooperatives.
Incineration and open burning of waste 2006 ipcc guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 5. The council on social work education cswe mandates that accredited bsw and msw programs widely report student learning outcomes on several practice competencies. More than 1 million tons of municipal solid waste msw are generated in asia every day, and this figure is expected to reach 1. Environmental fact sheet, municipal solid waste generation, recycling and disposal in the united states. The epa franklin model the epa franklin model uses a materials flow methodology to estimate msw generationittraces the flow of materials from production, through consumption, and on to disposal.
Epa issued final new source performance standards for new, modified and reconstructed municipal solid waste msw landfills. Gasification of nonrecycled plastics from municipal solid waste in the united states prepared for. It does not address hazardous and infectious wastes. Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Our role to be informed to be skilled to be certified to be in compliance the ozone layer. Minnesota msw composition study minnesota pollution control. Recycling rates and composting rates are increasing. It includes information on municipal solid waste msw generation, recycling, combustion with energy recovery and landfilling. The ash that remains from the msw combustion process is sent to landfills. Each of the products studied in each product category are compiled together on their respective pages. It may include biodegradable waste, electrical and electronic waste, and composite waste such as clothing, hazardous waste paints, spray, and chemicals, and medical waste. Cocombustion is a wastetoenergy technology that can use msw and coal as cofuels, offering potential energy recovery and reduced air emissions.
A listing of all nonattainment areas grouped under common area names, including area classification, county counts, and 2010 census populations. Sources, composition, and properties of solid waste 1. For these reasons, incineration tends to be a good choice only when other, simpler, and less expensive choices are not available. The endoflife sustainable food management sfm techniques presented in this scoping study include practices currently used as well as emerging technologies.
This research discerns how msw composition influences the heating value and air pollution for the cocombustion of coal with msw using five msw composition scenarios, four of which were derived by a reduction of plastics, organics, paper, or a combination thereof, as compared to the national average msw composition. Effects of urbanization on municipal solid waste composition. Environmental protection agency epa in 1978, the epa banned the use of cfcs as aerosol propellants except for some medicines. At one time over 50% of the total consumption of cfcs in this country were for aerosols. The table 3 7 gives the changing composition of municipal waste over the last two decades and is attributed to the changing life styles and increasing consumerism. Failure to comply could cost you and your company as much as. Meanwhile, the time has a great effect on the composition of msw. Communities are faced with the challenge of developing wastemanagement approaches from options that include reduction of waste generated, incineration, landfilling, recycling, reuse, 11reuse refers to using a material more. Municipal solid waste msw is but one of many wastes. This methodology for estimating municipal solid waste msw recycling benefits is intended to provide a clear and complete explanation of the process used by epa to develop estimates of the benefits associated with municipal solid waste msw recycling.
Composition of solid waste component wet weight, lbpercent mc food wastes 9 70 paper 34 6 cardboard 6 5 plastics 7 1 textiles 2 10 rubber 0. Program potential manual and planning packet, published in 1997. Epa green book data download data dictionary august 31, 2019 1 export file. The law requires the test to be a closed book exam. Msw assessment of students outcomes master of social. The composition study study included field sorting events between september 27 and november 20, 1999.
Composition of gaseous products co, co 2,ch 4, h 2,propane, propylene, butane, butenes, c5, ethane, etc. Garbage can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal. There is also a variation between the municipal solid waste msw composition in the region of crete 20032004 and msw composition suggested in the national solid waste planning 2000 national. Environmental protection agencys epa waste management hierarchy. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and. Methodology for estimating municipal solid waste recycling. Montgomery county waste composition study summary of.
Epa 600r93122 december 1993 public health, occupational safety, and environmental concerns in municipal solid waste recycling operations environmental criteria and assessment office office of health and environmental assessment u. Municipal solid waste composition determination supporting. Municipal solid waste energy information administration. Alsakkari 2, mai fouad 3 1 professor of chemical engineering, faculty of enginee ring cairo university, giza, egypt. To support municipal solid waste msw characterization efforts, epa conducted a scoping study on food waste and the methods by which they are managed. Total msw recycling percent recycling trends in municipal solid waste in 2010 our trash, or municipal solid waste msw, is made up of the things we commonly use and then throw away. The decision makers guide is a practical tool for a preliminary assessment of whether the key crite. The durable goods that epa studies for this report include. Sources of solid waste msw, municipal solid waste, is the primary focus of this course, which excludes industrial, mining and agricultural wastes.
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